{"id":373,"date":"2016-07-03T15:35:14","date_gmt":"2016-07-03T14:35:14","guid":{"rendered":"\/clg-edapierre\/?page_id=373"},"modified":"2016-07-03T15:35:32","modified_gmt":"2016-07-03T14:35:32","slug":"les-bananeraies-au-morne-rouge","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/site.ac-martinique.fr\/clg-edapierre\/?page_id=373","title":{"rendered":"Les bananeraies"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"alleebananier\"<\/a>
Bananeraie sur le versant sud-cara\u00efbe de la Montagne Pel\u00e9e.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le tiers de la surface agricole de l’\u00eele est consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la production de bananes: ce qui est consid\u00e9rable (4 fois la surface consacr\u00e9e \u00e0 la canne par exemple). Les bananeraies sont tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sentes dans le nord cara\u00efbe. Au Morne Rouge, elles b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient des sols riches en eau et en cendres volcaniques, ceux des plan\u00e8zes*<\/span> sud et est.<\/p>\n

La banane est une culture exigeante en eau: plus de 150mm par mois durant au moins 7 mois, soit 2 \u00e0 3 m\u00e8tres d’eau par an, le tout \u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature constante d’au moins 25\u00b0C, le rendement minimum attendu sur une exploitation \u00e9tant d’environ 27 \u00e0 40 tonnes par hectare (35t en moyenne sur l’\u00eele).<\/p>\n

Un bananier met 9 mois pour produire un r\u00e9gime de bananes de pr\u00e8s de 25kg.<\/p>\n

Le bananier n’est pas un arbre. C’est une sorte d’herbe et ce qui fait office de tige est souterrain. Nous n’en voyons en fait que les feuilles. C’est la raison pour laquelle tous les 9 mois, la plante est coup\u00e9e pour la r\u00e9colte: il faut alors soit replanter le champ soit laisser les surgeons du bananier se d\u00e9velopper.<\/p>\n

On pr\u00e9f\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pr\u00e9parer des plants en laboratoire. Cette m\u00e9thode permet d’obtenir des plants sains, d\u00e9barrass\u00e9s des parasites. N\u00e9matodes et charan\u00e7ons pour ne citer qu’eux peuvent en effet ravager une plantation, obligeant souvent les planteurs \u00e0 recourir \u00e0 de puissants insecticides et divers produits phytosanitaires (tels le fameux chlored\u00e9cone utilis\u00e9 contre le charan\u00e7on, aujourd’hui interdit).<\/p>\n

\"regimebanane\"<\/a>
Un r\u00e9gime de banane ti-nain, consomm\u00e9e localement.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les bananes produites dans les champs du Morne Rouge sont souvent des “ti-nains”, nom cr\u00e9ole g\u00e9n\u00e9rique donn\u00e9 \u00e0 des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s que l’on exporte vers l’Europe, mais qui est aussi consomm\u00e9 localement verte, en l\u00e9gume ou m\u00fbre en fruit. Elle entre en particulier dans la composition d’un fameux plat local: le “ti-nain lanmori”, le “ti-nain” \u00e0 la morue, qui consiste \u00e0 faire mijoter ensemble banane et morue.<\/p>\n

On trouve \u00e9galement localement la bananes “jaune” ou banane plantain, grosse banane consomm\u00e9e \u00e0 maturit\u00e9 comme l\u00e9gume, la “macandja”, une banane dessert, ou encore la “figue-pomme” et la “freyssinette”, de toutes petites bananes produites localement et de grande saveur.<\/p>\n

\"transportbanane\"<\/a>
Le transport des r\u00e9gimes de bananes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La banane est une culture importante en Martinique: elle repr\u00e9sente la moiti\u00e9 de la production agricole totale de la Martinique. Elle exige des investissements co\u00fbteux pour le transport, le conditionnement et surtout la main d’oeuvre. Or cette fili\u00e8re qui exporte plus de 200 000t par an repr\u00e9sente des milliers d’emplois.<\/p>\n

Pire: le co\u00fbt de la main d\u2019\u0153uvre des pays voisins est 15 fois moindre. La concurrence est donc tr\u00e8s s\u00e9v\u00e8re. D’o\u00f9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 des subventions europ\u00e9ennes pour maintenir la production et le constat qu’aujourd’hui les surfaces de bananeraies sur l’\u00eele r\u00e9gressent. Cette reconversion des terres s’observe tr\u00e8s bien au Morne Rouge.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Lexique:
\nPlan\u00e8ze: Ancienne coul\u00e9e de lave fossilis\u00e9e. La terre y est souvent fertile.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le tiers de la surface agricole de l’\u00eele est consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la production de bananes: ce qui est consid\u00e9rable (4 … <\/p>\n

Lire la suite… “Les bananeraies”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":0,"parent":369,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","episode_type":"","audio_file":"","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-373","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nLes bananeraies - \u2728 Coll\u00e8ge Christiane EDA-PIERRE \u2728<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/site.ac-martinique.fr\/clg-edapierre\/?page_id=373\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les bananeraies - \u2728 Coll\u00e8ge Christiane EDA-PIERRE \u2728\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le tiers de la surface agricole de l’\u00eele est consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la production de bananes: ce qui est consid\u00e9rable (4 … Lire la suite... 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